Desarrollo del Turismo Sostenible desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de Commons: una revisión integrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20435/inter.v25i1.3899Palabras clave:
destino turístico, turismo sostenible, teoría de los comunes, bien común turístico, revisión integradoraResumen
Hoy en día es necesario trabajar de forma sostenible, incluso en el turismo. Esto requiere equilibrar los aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales, así como los intereses de los actores involucrados en el desarrollo turístico. Para eso, la Teoría de los Bienes Comunes ayuda, ya que se basa en acciones colectivas para hacer frente a los recursos compartidos. Así, con el fin de analizar las relaciones de investigación existentes en la literatura científica entre los bienes comunes y el turismo, se desarrolló una revisión integradora de la literatura, basada en las cinco etapas definidas por Tranfield et al. (2003). Las bases de datos seleccionadas fueron Google Scholar, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science, y se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas el 1º de julio de 2021. Se utilizó EndNote Web para la gestión de los estudios, así como el programa Excel. De los 163 estudios encuestados, 22 fueron seleccionados después de utilizar criterios de exclusión e inclusión. Los principales resultados fueron: a) la percepción de un aumento moderado de los estudios sobre la relación entre turismo y commons; b) el relevamiento de una diversidad de actores involucrados en el bien común turístico; c) comprensión de conflictos que deben ser resueltos en un destino turístico sostenible; d) el uso de diferentes formas de regulación de los recursos compartidos en la actividad turística; e) cinco acciones para desarrollar un turismo sostenible basado en la Teoría de Commons. En cuanto a futuras investigaciones, se sugiere estudiar si las acciones realizadas a favor del turismo sostenible utilizan la Teoría de los Comunes y cómo se desarrolla la gestión y gobernanza de este proceso, además de identificar y analizar qué recursos turísticos son aptos para la práctica del bien común.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Leonardo Lincoln Leite de Lacerda, Alexandre Augusto Biz
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