Waste pickers and their inclusion in Brazilian public environmental decisions: an analysis of 10 years of policy development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20435/inter.v25i4.4358Keywords:
Latin America, qualitative methods, case study, narrative analysesAbstract
In the waste management chain, the most fragile actors remain the waste pickers. Being present in poor and rich economies, they are the result of social stratification and lack of employment opportunities. With the emergence of the first waste picker cooperatives in Latin America, the government and Brazilian society turned their attention to a group previously considered criminal. Through the Advocacy Coalition Framework model, this study aims to understand the role of the main coalitions involved in the development of an environmental plan, how it affects society and for future projects, how to insert the social part in political decisions that sometimes opt for technocratic ideas. The research analysed a policy-making process over an entire decade. Interviews were conducted with those involved in the waste management in one of the world's leading capitals when it comes to associativism and cooperativism: Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The economic crises in Brazil in the first two decades of the 21st century and the impeachment process that changed the transfer of funds from federal programs to waste pickers had a great influence on the process under analysis.
References
BARDIN, Laurence. Content Analysis. São Paulo: Edições 70 – Brasil, 2011. 280 p.
BELO HORIZONTE. Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management of Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte: Urban Cleaning Department, 2017.
BLAKE, Kevin.; NAHRATH Stéphane.; INGOLD, Karin. Combining the Institutional Resource Regime (IRR) framework with the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) for a better understanding of environmental governance processes: the case of Swiss wind power policy. Environmental Science & Policy, [s.l.], v. 112, p. 141–54, 2020.
BRAZIL. Law n. 11.445, 5 January 2007. Establishes national directives for basic sanitation. Brasília-DF, Brazil, 2007.
BRAZIL. Law n. 12.305, 2 August 2010. Establishes the National Solid Waste Policy; amends Law no. 9,605 of February 12, 1998; and provides other measures. Brasília-DF, 2010.
BRAZIL. Federal Government launches program to encourage private investment in recycling. Brasília-DF, 2022. Available at: https://www.gov.br/pt-br/noticias/meio-ambiente-e-clima/2022/04/governo-federal-lanca-programa-para-incentivar-investimentos-privados-na-reciclagem. Accessed: 03 Dec. 2024.
BRITTO, Ana Lucia; REZENDE, Sonaly Cristina. Public policy for urban water supply and sanitation services in Brazil: financialization, commodification and prospects of resistance. Cadernos Metrópole, [s.l.], v. 19, p. 557–81, 2017.
CLEMENTE, Dario. From Lula to Bolsonaro: the crisis of neodevelopmentalism in Brazil. Latin American Perspectives, [s.l.], v. 49, p. 87–103, Nov. 2021.
CROKIDAKIS, Nuno; GALAM, Serge. After 2018 Bolsonaro victory, is a 2022 remake feasible? Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, [s.l.], v. 600, 127598, Aug. 2022.
DEUTSCH, Sierra; FLETCHER, Robert. The ‘Bolsonaro bridge’: violence, visibility, and the 2019 Amazon fires. Environmental Science and Policy, [s.l.], v. 132, p. 60–8, Jun. 2022.
DIAS, Sonia Maria. Trajectories and memories of the trash and citizenship forums: unique experiments of social justice and participatory governance. 322 f. 2009. Tesis (Doctorate in Political Science) – Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2009. Available at: http:// https://www.wiego.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dias_Thesis_English_Summary.pdf. Accessed on 03 Dec. 2024.
FRANCO, Alexandre Barros; POUND, Nicholas. The foundations of Bolsonaro's support: exploring the psychological underpinnings of political polarization in Brazil. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, [s.l.], v. 32, 846–59, Jan. 2022.
HEINRICH-BÖLL-STIFTUNG. Atlas do Plástico – fatos e números sobre o mundo do dos polímeros sintéticos. Rio de Janeiro: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, 2020. 64 p.
HELLER, Léo; CASTRO, José Esteban. Sanitation public policy: conceptual theoretical notes. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, [s.l.], v. 12, p. 284–95, July./Sept. 2007.
MARTINS, Márcio. South Minas Waste Picker Association won the Award Pró-Catador. Instituto Nenuca de Desenvolvimento Sustentável [INSEA], Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte, 2013. Available at: http://www.insea.org.br/associacao-do-sul-de-minas-recebe-premio-pro-catador/. Accessed on: 3 Dec. 2024.
LI, Wei; WEIBLE, Christopher M. China’s policy processes and the advocacy coalition framework. Policy Studies Journal, [s.l.], v. 49, n. 3, p. 703–29, Oct. 2021.
LIMA, Maria Raquel Passos. Recreated plasticities: sensitive knowledge, value, and indeterminacy in the activity of waste pickers. Sociology and Anthropology, [s.l.], v. 7, p. 209–38, 2017.
LIMA, Francisco de Paula Antunes. Social Technologies of Recycling: enabling selective collection policies with waste pickers. Gerais: Interinstitutional Journal of Psychology, [s.l.], v. 4, p. 131–46, 2011.
LIMA, Marion G. Bastos; DA COSTA, Karen. Quo vadis, Brazil? Environmental Malgovernance under Bolsonaro and the Ambiguous Role of the Sustainable Development Goals. Bulletin of Latin American Research, [s.l.], v. 4, p. 508–24, Dec. 2022.
MOISÉS, Márcia; KLIGERMAN, Débora Cynamon; COHEN, Simone Cynamon; MONTEIRO, Sandra Conceição Ferreira. Federal sanitation policy and initiatives for participation, mobilization, social control, health, and environmental education in government sanitation programs. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, [s.l.], v. 15, p. 2581–91, Aug. 2010.
OLIVEIRA, Thais Brito; GALVÃO JUNIOR, Alceu de Castro Galvão. Municipal planning in the management of municipal solid waste and the organization of selective collection. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, [s.l.], v. 21, p. 55-64, Jan./Mar. 2016.
PINHEIRO, Leticia; HERZ, Monica. Introduction: Foreign policy in Brazil under Jair Bolsonaro's Government. Latin American Policy, [s.l.], p. 1–3, Oct. 2022.
RODRIGUES, Meghie. Bolsonaro’s troubled legacy for science, health and the environment. Nature, n. 609, p. 890–91, Sept. 2022.
SABATIER, Paul A.; WEIBLE, Christopher M. The Advocacy Coalition Framework. Colorado: Westview Press, 2007.
SABATIER, Paul A.; JENKINS-SMITH, Hank. The advocacy coalition framework: an assessment. Colorado: Westview Press, 1999.
SECCHI, Leonardo. Public policies: concepts, analysis schemes, case studies. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2010. 188 p.
SOUSA, Romário Rocha; PEREIRA, Rafael Diogo; CALBINO, Daniel. Limits and challenges of waste picker organizations: an analysis by ASMARE. Interações, Campo Grande, MS, v. 22, 583–96, Apr./June 2021.
VÁSQUEZ, Georgie Echeverri; WOLTER, Rafael Pecly. Social media and diatopic tension: a psychosocial study with Haddad and Bolsonaro's voters in Brazil. Journal of Theory Social Behavior, [s.l.], v. 52, p. 454–72, Jan. 2022.
WEIBLE, Christopher M.; SABATIER, Paul. A. Coalitions, science, and belief change: comparing adversarial and collaborative policy subsystems. The Policy Studies Journal, [s.l.], v. 2, 195–212, Apr. 2009.
WEIBLE, Christopher M. and SABATIER, Paul. A. Comparing policy networks: Marine protected areas in California. Policy Studies Journal, vol. 33, 181-201, May. 2005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Eva Ferreira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Direitos Autorais para artigos publicados nesta revista são do autor, com direitos de primeira publicação para a revista. Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais.
